Prevalence of dental fear and its relationship with. The children s fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds is the most widely used measure of dental fear in children. Previous studies have shown that the scale has acceptable reliability and validity. Children were asked to fill a questionnaire containing children s fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds and asked to prefer dental attire from four different pictures displaying the single anonymous dentist in four different attires in the same operator. Pdf reliability and validity of the childrens fear survey. The parents of these children were asked to complete two questionnaires on behalf of their child before their first appointment. The level of dental fear in these children was assessed using the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds. Reliability and factor analysis of childrens fear survey schedule. Clinical and individual variables in childrens dental fear. Reliability and factor analysis of children s fear survey schedule dental subscale in indian subjects p singh 1, rk pandey 1, a nagar 2, k dutt 3 1 department of pedodontics with preventive dentistry, faculty of dental sciences, chhatrapati shahuji maharaj medical university erstwhile king george medical college, lucknow, uttar pradesh, india 2 department of orthodontics and dentofacial. Page 3 introduction dental anxiety is common with an estimated prevalence of between 6% and 20% in children aged 4 to 18 years old. Early recognition of dental fear is essential for the effective delivery of dental care.
Dental fear in primary school children and its relation to. Reliability and validity of scales for assessing child. The dentist rated the childs dental fear during treatment on a 5point likerttype scale from 1 not afraid at all to 5 very afraid. The main reasons for avoiding the dentists are dental fear and anxiety dfa. Children s fear survey schedule dental subscale how is children s fear survey schedule dental subscale abbreviated.
Reliability and validity of the swedish version of the dental subscale of the children s fear survey schedule, cfssds. The childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds was used to assess the dental fear of the children. Child dental fear in lowincome and nonlowincome families. The most frequently used measuring instrument for determination of dfa in children nowadays is the dental subscale of the children s fear survey schedule cfssds 10, 11. Children fear survey scaledental subscale was found to be equally reliable cronbach alpha 0. The cfssds was translated into japanese and administered to three samples. Pdf dental fear of 612yearold children role of parents. Childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds modified child dental anxiety scale faces version mcdasf nificantly higher average score m 39. Gustafsson a, arnrup k, broberg ag, bodin l, berggren u. The 15item childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds and the 8item modified child dental anxiety scale mcdas are the most widely used measures of dental fear in children. The dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule.
The aim of this study was to assess the factor structure of the arabic version of the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds, and to assess the difference in factor structure. The cfssds consists of 15 items scale 15, from no fear to high fear measuring the degree of fear associated. Child dental fear as measured with the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule. Reliability and factor analysis of childrens fear survey. Rasch analysis was used to examine the validity of the children s fear survey schedule dental subscale cfss. Data on sociodemographic issues and childrens oral health habits were collected and the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds questionnaire was applied. Cfssds childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale. Dental fear was measured using the parents version of the dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule cfs. To translate and to verify the psychometric properties, including factor analyses of the brazilian version of the cfss. This was a secondary data analysis of a household survey conducted in ileife, nigeria. This study was undertaken to develop and test reliability and. Dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and dental caries prevalence. Dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and dental.
A total of 183 patients aged between 6 and 9 years who were awaiting dental treatment were administered the arabic version of the children s fear survey dental subscale and accordingly allocated to one of three groups. The impact of dental anxiety on the salivary cortisol and. The questionnaire examined the profile of participants and assessed their dental fear using the children s fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds. Pdf dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and dental. Reliability and validity of the childrens fear survey. The prevalence of dental fear in this sample can be considered high compared to other studies with similar age range. Factor analysis using scores of a group of finnish schoolchildren resulted in three factors. Dsp versions of the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds. Cognitive behavioral therapy for children with dental anxiety. The main objectives of this study were to compare child and parental ratings of child dental fear and to assess the effect of child and parent characteristics on the ratings. Reliability and validity of a short form of the dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule used in a nigerian children population. Reliability and validity of the childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale for arabicspeaking children. Children have dental fear when the total cfssds score is greater than or equal to 38. The level of dental anxiety was measured once by the parental version of the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule.
Characteristics of dental fear among arabicspeaking. Also known as cfssds dmft number of decayed, missing andor filled permanent teeth dmfs number of decayed, missing andor filled surfaces in primary teeth. Cfssds is a wellknown psychometric scale that was developed by cuthbert and melamed. A schoolbased sample of 1546 children was randomly recruited.
Parents of 718 children 412 years completed this cfssds version before or during the childs visit. Each student was asked to independently complete a childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds questionnaire. Read the children s fear survey schedule dental subscale in japan, community dentistry and oral epidemiology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. To assess the level of fear of dental procedures among 612 year school children and correlate the prevalence of dental caries with.
Context fear to visit a dentist is a common observation even in adults. The cfssds rates children s dental fear in 15 dentally related situations, such as dentist, injections, and opening the mouth 6. Pdf assessment for the childrens fear survey schedule. Non pharmacological behavior management anxiety fear. Cfssds abbreviation stands for children s fear survey scheduledental subscale. The childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds and its modifications were the most used instrument so far, and showed good reliability and validity values, but also indicated the ways for improvement of its normative values. Cfssds children s fear survey schedule dental subscale. The full version and the 6item short version of the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds were used to assess child dental fear. The study design was a crosssectional analytical study. Dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule cfss. It has been shown to have good reliabilityvalidity, and recently has been used in several countries and translated into several languages.
This instrument has been translated into several languages and has been used to. The dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds is a well. The fourth questionnaire was the children fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds, which was used to assess child s dfa. Factors associated with dental fear and anxiety in. These improvements would enhance the evaluation of dfa presence in children 47. Validity of the brazilian version of the dental subscale. Venham picture scale vps dental fear survey dfs, 20item version and modified version of the dfs smiley faces programme sfp the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds dentalspecific measure that requires children to rate how frightened they are in response to 15 dentalrelated situations treatments. Childrens selfreported pain at the dentist sciencedirect. Dental fear in children during dental visit using childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale. In a turkish study, where dental fear was assessed in children aged 7 to 10yearsold using the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds questionnaire, a prevalence of 14. Behavior of the child during treatment was rated using the frankl scale. Children s fear survey schedule dental subscale can be abbreviated as cfssds what does cfssds mean. Effect of child and parent characteristics on child dental. Dental fear was assessed using the dental subscale of the children s fear survey schedule cfssds.
An operator elicited each childs background variables using standardized questionnaires. The childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale in japan. It is children s fear survey schedule dental subscale. Prevalence of dental fear and its causes using three.
Prevalance of intraoral injection fear full text view. Crosssectional study with 44 elementary students from public schools. The dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds is a wellknown instrument for assessing dental fear in children, initially presented by cuthbert and melamed 1982. Aim this was to explore the usefulness of the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds and the child behaviour checklist cbcl, used prior to treatment, in relation to the actual behaviour. The dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds is a well known instrument for assessing dental fear in children, initially presented by. Pdf dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule. Children s fear survey schedule dental subscale listed as cfssds. Schedule dental subscale dental fear in schoolchildren. This study investigates the association between childrens dfa and family related factors, including parents dfa, parenting styles, family structure nuclear or singleparent family, and presence of siblings.
Scheduledental subscale cfssds is the most widely used measure of dental fear in children. Pdf dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and. The other outcome measures were the child cfssdsc and parent cfssdsp versions of the childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds. Differences in treatment variables between fearful and low fearful children were analyzed, and regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of dental fear. Psychographic analysis of the factors that add to fear level of the children can be accessed through children fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds. On the structure of childhood dental fear, using the dental subscale. Dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and.
Ds is a tool widely used to assess dental fear in children. Reliability and validity of the modified version of. Dental fear has not only been linked to poor dental health in children but also persists across the lifespan, if unaddressed, and can continue to affect oral, systemic, and psychological health. Ds, and to examine the responses of children in the dental setting and in the community. Differences in the three pathways between high and lowfearful children were analyzed using regression models for both low and nonlowincome groups. Estimate the prevalence of intraoral injection fear and its relationship to dental fear among 810 years children. The reliability and validity of the three modified versions. Uvadare digital academic repository dental anxiety and. Childrens dental fear the parents version of the dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule cfs was used to measure dental fear in the child. Validating the dental subscale of the childrens fear. The cfssds consists of 15 items scale 15, from no fear to high fear measuring the degree of fear associated with various situations in dental and medical care and interactions. Jul 15, 2008 the level of dental anxiety was measured once by the parental version of the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule. Klingberg and broberg, 2007 among these scales the cfssds was the most popular.
Multilevel mixede ects logistic regressions analyses were used. Children s fear survey schedule dental subscale, dental fear, dental fear and anxiety, dental fear scale how to cite this article. Jun 01, 2005 read the childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale in japan, community dentistry and oral epidemiology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the arabic version of the children s fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds. Ds was translated into japanese and administered to three samples. Pdf reliability and factor analysis of childrens fear. Development of a new dental fear scale the index of dental. The childrens dental fear is correlated with childrens internal personality and behaviour factors the childs age, sex, temperament activity. A survey of the dentist attire and gender preferences in. At 9 years of age, 8% reported dental fear and the mean increased to 25. The cfs includes 15 items, each with 5 choices ranging from not afraid at all. The study included sixtyseven 612yearold children and their parents, randomly selected while receiving their treatment at the department of pediatric dentistry, plovdiv.
The full version and the 6item short version of the childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds were used to assess child dental fear. Assessment for the childrens fear survey scheduledental. Dental fear and anxiety dfa is a major issue affecting childrens oral health and clinical management. General anxiety, dental anxiety, digit sucking, caries and. Dmft decayedmissingfilled teeth, a simpler and more commonly. It was designed by cuthbert and melamed in 1982 10, and is based on the instrument for measuring of fear presence in younger children, named fear survey schedule for children fssfc. This is a psychometric method of assessing dental fear in children developed by cuthbert and melamed. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental anxiety among 6 to 8yearold danish children using the children s fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds and behavior management problems. Statement of the problem despite all the technological advancements in the dental. This study reports on the predictive value and clinical usefulness of the dutch parental version of the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds. Data were collected from parents of children in regular dental care n 240 and from parents of children referred to a specialized pediatric dental clinic n 200. The aim of this study was to assess the factor structure of the arabic version of the childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds, and to assess the difference in factor structure. The cfssds is a revised form of the fear survey schedule for children fssfc to include specific dental fear items as one of its subscales scherer and nakamura. Reliability and validity of dental subscale of the.
Aartman iha, van everdingen t, hoogstraten j, schuurs ahb. The study sample of 444 school children, comprising of 224 girls and 220 boys in the age group of 612 years old from a private english medium school were selected. Pdf reliability and validity of a short form of the. The childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale in. Prevalence of dental fear and its causes using three measurement scales among children in new delhi. What is the abbreviation for children s fear survey scheduledental subscale. The cfssds found that 7% of the children had dental fear at age 7 and mean cfssds was 22. The level of general anxiety and dental anxiety of 450 6 to12 year old children were measured using the revised child manifest anxiety scale and dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule respectively. Additional data were collected regarding the child s previous experiences and parental fear. Dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and dental caries. Prevalence of dental anxiety and behavior management. Child dental fear as measured with the dental subscale of.
Dental subscale of childrens fear survey schedule and dental caries prevalence article pdf available in european journal of dentistry 72. To each item, the response ranges 15, from not afraid at all to very much afraid. This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the arabic version of the childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds. Psychometric assessment includes the children s fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds, 6 which is the most widely used scale for children 5, 7. Child dental fear as measured with the dental subscale of the. The dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds is a wellknown psychometric scale that was developed in 1982 for assessing dental fear in children. Young children with a low level of dental anxiety show a sensitized reaction trend for selfreported pain over two sequential dental visits. Childs own dental fear was recorded using childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds. Validated psychometric scales to measure dental fearanxiety. On the structure of childhood dental fear, using the. Pdf reliability and validity of the childrens fear.
Descriptive analysis of the data was performed, fishers exact and u mannwhitney tests p of a parent s version of the dental fear survey schedule for children in chinese. This study was undertaken to develop and test reliability and validity for the arabic version of the cfssds. Childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale how is. A modified version of dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds was used to assess the dental fear of each patient. The childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds was completed in class to assess child dental fear. Explore the possible consequences of such problems in terms of avoidance of dental and medical care. An interview was conducted with the parents to gather information about patients gender and age, parents dental anxiety corahs dental anxiety scaledas and preappointment preparation of children. Child dental fear causes a significant management problem. This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the arabic version of the children s fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds. The most frequently used measuring instrument for determination of dfa in children nowadays is the dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds 10, 11. Reliability and validity of the childrens fear survey schedule. Association between dental fear and anxiety and behavior. The dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule cfssds was developed to provide an instrument for assessing dental fear in children cuthbert and melamed, 1982. The cfssds has high testretest reliability and validity klingberg 1994.
On the structure of childhood dental fear, using the dental. Cfssds dental subscale of the childrens fear survey schedule latvian versionis a reliable and valid survey for evaluation of the childrens dental fear. The aims of this research are to examine the reliability and validity of the japanese version of the dental subscale of children s fear survey schedule cfssds, and to examine the responses of children in the dental setting and in the community. Reliability and validity of dental subscale of the childrens. The routine patients attending outpatient department of pedodontics with preventive dentistry, faculty of dental sciences, lucknow, india n197, aged 712 years old were evaluated for children. Child s own dental fear was recorded using childrens fear survey schedule dental subscale cfssds. The childrens fear survey scheduledental subscale cfssds is the most widely used measure of dental fear in children. The aims of this research are to examine the reliability and validity of the japanese version of the dental subscale of children s fear survey schedule cfss. Cfssds consists of 15 items on various anxiety stimuli 31. A sample of 1,546 primary school children were randomly selected.
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